Performance of Cellular Ambient Internet of Things with Passive Energy Harvesting Devices

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) nowadays evolve at unprecedented pace. The conventional massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) service offered by 5G ecosystem is considered too complex for end systems capable of just sensing the environment and occasionally communicating this information to the end system. 3GPP has recently proposed the concept of Ambient Internetof-Things (A-IoT), where end systems are extremely simple, empowered by radio frequency energy harvester and capable of indicating this information by binary signaling at the backscatter channel. In this paper, we formalize a service model for such system assuming the presence of directional antennas at the Base Station (BS) regularly scanning the environment in the cell illuminating A-AIoT devices that utilize frequency shifters and ALOHA-like access for uplink communications. The model will be able to assess the successful data delivery probability as a function of the A-IoT device density, user equipment collector density, BS antenna array size, frequency-shift configuration, and radio frequency energy-harvesting parameters.