A Proximity Core for Multi-Technology Wireless Services

Network spatial proximity services are often implemented separately for individual wireless technologies, which makes reuse and cross-technology reasoning difficult. This paper introduces a proximity core abstraction for multi-technology proximity services and defines seven primitives that capture environmental fingerprinting, announcement, discovery, presence, messaging, channel establishment, and distance estimation. The model is realized as a driver-based, capability-aware architecture that maps these primitives to Bluetooth Low Energy, Wi-Fi Direct, Wi-Fi Aware, and related technologies. The paper identifies where these technologies share service-level capabilities and where technology-specific constraints remain. Feasibility is supported by capability mapping and a retrospective review of previously reported BLE and Wi-Fi proximity services.